Patent US7204952 Vacuum furnace for carburizing with hydrocarbons Google Patents
Vacuum heat treating consists of thermally treating metals and alloys in cylindrical steel chambers that have been pumped down to less than normal atmospheric pressure. This article provides a detailed account of the operations and designs of vacuum furnaces, discussing their pressure levels, resistance heating elements, quenching systems, work load support, pumping systems, and temperature.
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The vacuum furnace is controlled by a touchscreen panel with PLC. The operator can select and execute a pre-programmed temperature/time profile for a given task. In addition, pressure and temperature at various locations on the system are monitored and displayed. The control cabinet also includes the transformers, contactors, and fuses.
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1. Introduction 4. Simulation experiment verification 5. Conclusion Supporting information Acknowledgments References Reader Comments Figures Abstract As is well known, the metal annealing process has the characteristics of heat concentration and rapid heating.
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Context 1. experiments were carried out in a self-made vacuum furnace shown in Fig.. View in full-text Context 2. reversion reaction ratio (g) was defined as where W 0 represents the.
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Schematic of the heating chamber of a vacuum furnace. | Download Scientific Diagram FIG 2- - uploaded by Jianfeng Gu Content may be subject to copyright. Schematic of the heating chamber of a.
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For vacuum furnaces, the heating elements are typically wide strips and ribbon-shaped to maximize both their physical and radiant surface areas. Metallic heating elements for high-temperature vacuum furnaces are commonly made of refractory metals (Fig. 1). Refractory metals are extremely high melting point metals that are resistant to wear.
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Vacuum furnace structure and schematic diagram PRODUCT CATEGORIES Vacuum Heat Treatment Furnace Horizontal Type Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace Vertical Type Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace Dual-Chamber Vacuum Oil Quenching Furnace Dual-chamber Vacuum Gas Quenching Furnace Horizontal Type Vacuum Annealing Furnace Vertical Type Vacuum Annealing Furnace
Patent US3343828 High vacuum furnace Google Patents
The overall diagram of the experimental site is shown in Fig. 1. (a), the heating furnace diagram in vacuum furnace is shown in Fig. 2. (b), and the thermometer being measured is shown in Fig. 3. (c). International Conference on Mechanical, Electrical, Electronic Engineering & Science (MEEES 2018)
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Hot zone Pumping system Cooling system Control system (temperature & vacuum) Handling system Figure 1 | Typical system components of a bottom loading vacuum furnace2 (courtesy of Eurotherm, A Schneider Electric Company) Vacuum furnaces available from most manufacturers are either horizontal (Fig. 2) or vertical (Fig. 3) configurations.
Patent US5267257 Vacuum furnace with convection heating and cooling Google Patents
Download scientific diagram | Schematic model of a vacuum furnace. from publication: Production of magnesium during carbothermal reduction of magnesium oxide by differential condensation of.
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Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vertical vacuum furnace: 1 furnace lid; 2 furnace body; 3 furnace bottom; 4 electrode; 5 condensation plate; 6 observation hole; 7.
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which transferred from the furnace to the chamber wall. 2. Vacuum furnace design and construction Figure 1. shown the systems consist of a chamber that made of cylindrical glass, stainless steel plate (base plate), a cylindrical graphite furnace encircled with the ceramic tube, a graphite support made of
Patent US7204952 Vacuum furnace for carburizing with hydrocarbons Google Patents
The vapor pressure of a material is that pressure exerted at a given temperature when a material is in equilibrium with its own vapor. Vapor pressure is a function of both the material and the temperature. Chromium, at 760 torr, has a vapor pressure of ~4,031ยฐF. At 10ยฏ5, the vapor pressure is ~2,201ยฐF.
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A vacuum is one of the methods to protect heated steel and metal parts from the negative influence of an air atmosphere. A vacuum furnace is normally an electrically heated furnace in which a vacuum is maintained during the process. Most vacuum furnace are heated by electric resistance elements made from graphite, ceramics or metals.
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The furnace is equipped with vacuum system, power supply system and control system. There are two kinds of vacuum induction melting furnace, intermittent and semi continuous, which can be established or horizontal. The important problem to be considered in the structure design of vacuum induction melting furnace is to avoid vacuum discharge.
Patent US6349108 High temperature vacuum furnace Google Patents
A vacuum furnace is a type of furnace in which the product in the furnace is surrounded by a vacuum during processing. The absence of air or other gases prevents oxidation, heat loss from the product through convection, and removes a source of contamination.
